NguJosé Miguel Muñoz Gómez – Iilayini zepolyethylene ezinoxinaniso oluphezulu zidume ngokuqulatha ukusebenza kwiindawo zokulahla inkunkuma, imigodi, amanzi amdaka, kunye namanye amacandelo abalulekileyo. Okungaxutyushwanga kangako kodwa uvandlakanyo oluncomekayo lolona mlinganiselo uphakamileyo wekhabhoni obonelelwa nge-HDPE geomembranes ngokuchasene nemiqobo yemveli njengodongwe oludityanisiweyo.
I-1.5mm (60-mil) i-HDPE liner inokubonelela ngesitywina esifana ne-0.6m yomgangatho ophezulu, i-homogeneous yodongwe oludibeneyo kwaye ivelise ukugqithiswa okungaphantsi kwe-1 x 10-11 m / sec (nge-ASTM D 5887). I-HDPE geomembrane emva koko idlula imilinganiselo yokungathinteli kunye nokuzinza xa umntu ehlola irekhodi epheleleyo yesayensi, ngokuqwalasela zonke izibonelelo kunye namandla ekuveliseni udongwe kunye ne-HDPE geomembranes eziza kusetyenziswa njengoluhlu lomqobo.
Indlela ye-geosynthetic ibonelela, njengoko idatha ibonisa, isisombululo esinobuhlobo bendalo.
I-CARBON FOOTPRINT & HDPE GEOMEMBRANE FEATURES
Inxalenye ephambili ye-HDPE yi-ethylene ye-monomer, eyenziwa nge-polymerized ukwenza i-polyethylene. Ezona zinto ziphambili yi-aluminiyam trialkylitatanium tetrachloride kunye nechromium oxide.
I-polymerization ye-ethylene kunye ne-co-monomers kwi-HDPE kwenzeka kwi-reactor xa kukho i-hydrogen kwiqondo lobushushu elifikelela kwi-110 ° C (230 ° F). Isiphumo se-HDPE somgubo sifakwe kwi-pelletizer.
I-SOTRAFA isebenzisa inkqubo ye-calandred (i-flat die) ukwenza i-HDPE geomembrane yayo ephambili (i-ALVATECH HDPE) ukusuka kwezi pellets.
Ukuchongwa kweGHG kunye neCO2 Equivalents
Iigesi zegreenhouse ezibandakanyiweyo kuvavanyo lwethu lwekhabhoni yayizezona GHGs ziphambili eziqwalaselwayo kwezi protocols: icarbon dioxide, methane, kunye nenitrous oxide. Irhasi nganye ineGlobal Warming Potential (GWP) eyahlukileyo, engumlinganiselo wokuba ubunzima obunikiweyo berhasi yegreenhouse bunegalelo elingakanani kubushushu behlabathi okanye kutshintsho lwemozulu.
Ikharbhon dayoksayidi ngokwenkcazo ikhutshwe iGWP ye-1.0. Ukubandakanya ngokobungakanani igalelo lemethane kunye ne-nitrous oxide kwimpembelelo iyonke, ubunzima bemethane kunye ne-nitrous oxide ekhutshwayo buphindaphindwa ngokwezinto ezihlukeneyo ze-GWP kwaye kongezwa kukhuko olukhulu lwekharbon dayoksidi ukubala ubunzima "okulingana necarbon dioxide" ubunzima. ukukhutshwa. Ngenjongo yeli nqaku, ii-GWPs zithathwe kumaxabiso adweliswe kwisikhokelo se-EPA yase-US ka-2010 “Ingxelo eSinyanzelo yokuKhutshwa kweGesi yeGreenhouse.”
Ii-GWPs zee-GHGs ziqwalaselwe kolu hlalutyo:
ICarbon Dioxide = 1.0 GWP 1 kg CO2 eq/Kg CO2
IMethane = 21.0 GWP 21 Kg CO2 eq/Kg CH4
Nitrous oxide = 310.0 GWP 310 kg CO2 eq/kg N2O
Kusetyenziswa ii-GWP ezizalanayo zee-GHGs, ubunzima bee-carbon dioxide equivalents (CO2eq) babalwa ngolu hlobo lulandelayo:
kg CO2 + (21.0 x kg CH4) + (310.0 x kg N2O) = kg CO2 eq
Ingqikelelo: Amandla, amanzi, kunye nolwazi lwenkunkuma oluvela ekutsalweni kwemathiriyeli ekrwada (i-oyile okanye irhasi yendalo) ngokuveliswa kweepellets zeHDPE emva koko kuveliswe i-geomembrane HDPE:
5 mm ubukhulu HDPE geomembrane, kunye noxinano 940 Kg/m3
HDPE carbon footprint yi 1.60 Kg CO2/kg polyethylene (ICE, 2008)
940 Kg/m3 x 0.0015 mx 10,000 m2/ha x 1.15 (isilaphu kunye nokugqithelwana) = 16,215 Kgr HDPE/ha
E = 16,215 Kg HDPE/Ha x 1.60 Kg CO2/kg HDPE => 25.944 Kg CO2 eq/ha
I-Assumption Transport: 15.6 m2/ ilori, 1000 km ukusuka kwindawo yokuvelisa ukuya kwindawo yomsebenzi
15 kg CO2/ gal idizili x gal/3,785 iilitha = 2.68 Kg CO2 / ilitha idizili
26 g N2O/gal idizili x gal/3,785 iilitha x 0.31 kg CO2 eq/g N2O = 0.021 kg CO2 eq/litre idizili
44 g CH4/gal diese x gal/3,785 iilitha x 0.021 kg CO2 eq/g CH4 = 0.008 kg CO2 eq/litre idizili
Ilitha yedizili e-1 = 2.68 + 0.021 + 0.008 = 2.71 kg CO2 eq
Ukukhutshwa kwemveliso yothutho lwelori endleleni:
E = TMT x (EF CO2 + 0.021∙EF CH4 + 0.310∙EF N2O)
E = TMT x (0.972 + (0.021 x 0.0035)+(0.310 x 0.0027)) = TM x 0.298 Kg CO2 eq/ton‐imayile
Apho:
E = Iyonke i-CO2 ekhutshwayo elinganayo (kg)
TMT = Iimayile zeeToni eziHanjiweyo
I-EF CO2 = i-CO2 ekhutshwayo factor (0.297 kg CO2/ton-mayile)
EF CH4 = CH4 emission factor (0.0035 gr CH4/ton-mayile)
EF N2O = N2O emission factor (0.0027 g N2O/ton-mayile)
Ukuguqulela kwiiYunithi zeMetric:
0.298 kg CO2/ton-mayile x 1.102 iitoni/toni x imayile/1.61 km = 0,204 kg CO2/tonne‐km
E = TKT x 0,204 kg CO2 eq/tonne‐km
Apho:
E = Iyonke i-CO2 ekhutshwayo elinganayo (Kg)
TKT = tonne – iikhilomitha eziHanjiwe.
Umgama ukusuka kwiZityalo zokuSebenza (i-Sotrafa) ukuya kwiNdawo yeMisebenzi (Hypothetical) = 1000 km
Ubunzima belori obuqhelekileyo: 15,455 kg/elori + 15.6 m2 x 1.5 x 0.94/ilori = 37,451 kg/ ilori
641 ilori ngehektare nganye
E = (1000 km x 37,451 kg/elori x tonne/1000 kg x 0.641 ilori/ha) x 0.204 kg CO2 eq/tonne‐km =
E = 4,897.24 Kg CO2 eq/ha
Isishwankathelo seGeomembrane HDPE 1.5 mm Carbon Footprint
IIMPAWU ZEZIGCAWU ZOMDAMBO EZIHLANGANISIWEYO KUNYE NEZONYAWO ZAZO ZEKHARBON
Iilayini zodongwe ezidityanisiweyo ziye zasetyenziswa ngokwembali njengezithintelo zomaleko kumachweba wamanzi kunye nezibonelelo zokuqulatha inkunkuma. Iimfuno eziqhelekileyo zokulawula iilayini zodongwe ezidibeneyo zincinci zincinci ze-0.6 m, kunye ne-conductivity ephezulu ye-hydraulic ye-1 x 10-11 m / sec.
Inkqubo: Udongwe kwindawo ebolekwayo lugrunjwa kusetyenziswa izixhobo zokwakha ezisemgangathweni, nezithi zilayishe imathiriyeli kwiilori zokulahla i-tri‐axle ukuze zithuthwe ukuya kwindawo yomsebenzi. Ilori nganye ithathwa ukuba inomthamo we-15 m3 yomhlaba oxekekileyo. Ngokusebenzisa umlinganiselo we-1.38, kuqikelelwa ukuba ngaphezulu kwama-550 eelori zomhlaba ziya kufuneka ukuze kwakhiwe umtya wodongwe ongqindiweyo oyi-0.6m ubukhulu phezu kommandla wehektare enye.
Umgama osuka kwindawo yokuboleka ukuya kwindawo yomsebenzi, ngokuqinisekileyo, ungqale kwindawo ethile kwaye unokwahluka kakhulu. Ngeenjongo zolu hlalutyo, kwathathwa umgama oziikhilomitha ezili-16 (iikhilomitha ezili-10). Uthutho olusuka kumthombo wemboleko wodongwe kunye nendawo yomsebenzi licandelo elikhulu lokukhutshwa kwekhabhoni ngokubanzi. Uvakalelo lonyawo lwekhabhoni lulonke kutshintsho kolu tshintsho lwendawo ethile luphononongwa apha.
IsiShwankathelo seMpawu yoMdongwe oQaniweyo weCarbon Footprint
ISIPHELO
Ngelixa ii-geomembranes ze-HDPE ziya kuhlala zikhethelwa ukusebenza phambi kwe-carbon footprint inzuzo, izibalo ezisetyenziswe apha kwakhona zixhasa ukusetyenziswa kwesisombululo se-geosynthetic kwimihlaba yozinzo ngokuchasene nezinye izisombululo eziqhelekileyo zokwakha.
I-Geomembranes efana ne-ALVATECH HDPE 1.5 mm iya kuchazwa ngenxa yokuchasana kweekhemikhali eziphezulu, iipropati ezinamandla zomatshini, kunye nobomi benkonzo yexesha elide; kodwa kufuneka sithathe ixesha ukuqonda ukuba le nto inika umgangatho wekhabhoni ongaphantsi kwe-3x kunodongwe oluqiniweyo. Nokuba uvavanya umgangatho olungileyo wodongwe kunye nesiza esibolekayo kumgama nje we-16 km ukusuka kwindawo yeprojekthi, i-HDPE geomembranes evela kwi-1000 km kude zisasebenza ukodlula udongwe olugayiweyo kumlinganiselo wekhabhoni.
Isuka: https://www.geosynthetica.net/carbon-footprint-hdpe-geomembranes-aug2018/
Ixesha lokuposa: Sep-28-2022